Over the past decade, wavelets and frames have emerged as increasingly powerful tools of analysis on $n$-dimension Euclidean space. Both wavelets and frames were studied initially by using classical Fourier analysis. However, in recent years more abstract tools have been introduced, for example, from operator theory, abstract harmonic analysis, von Neumann algebras, etc. The editors of this volume organized a Special Session on the functional and harmonic analysis of wavelets at the San Antonio (TX) Joint Mathematics Meetings. The goal of the session was to focus research attention on these newly-introduced tools and to share the organizers' view that this modern application holds the promise of providing some deeper understanding and fascinating new structures in pure functional analysis. This volume presents the fruitful results of the lively discussions that took place at the conference.