Essentials of Biotechnology is meant for undergraduate biotechnology and life sciences' students. The book discusses the basics of interdisciplinary subjects which is required for developing the conceptual understanding in biotechnology and to acquire research attitude. It elaborates on fundamental concepts which are absolutely necessary for budding biotechnologists. It is an attempt to cover a broad spectrum of biological dimensions with biotechnological exploration. Section-I elaborates theoretical aspects of basic biology, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology with correlation to modern applied aspects. Section-II is grounded in the experimental approach. Each experiment is described with sufficient details. The figures and tables provided with experiments will be helpful to the students and the instructor for better understanding the scientific principles and skillfully executing of the experiments.