Popular Conservatism - Conservative Traditions in the English Lower Class? The impetuous patriotism, the loyalist enthusiasm for the crown and the xenophobic anti-Catholicism of the common English have long been neglected in research. In this study, Jörg Neuheiser examines religious aspects of protest and everyday culture as well as the conservative mobilization of ordinary English people in election campaigns. Long before the right to vote reached the lower classes, he discovered a "conservatism from below" that added a new dimension to the traditional image of the English lower classes.