This book aims to analyze and model satellite communication systems while taking into account the variable transmission performance that occurs due to randomness in space, aerial, and terrestrial terminals. The book covers both conceptual principles and practical engineering applications, with an emphasis on the latter. Readers will gain a deep understanding of several major topics, including satellite-terrestrial communications, satellite-aerial communications, satellite-aerial-terrestrial communications, and terrestrial-satellite-terrestrial communications. A key feature of this book is its comprehensive and systematic treatment of satellite communication issues, making it an ideal resource for anyone interested in learning about various application scenarios in this field. Researchers, engineers, and graduate students in wireless communications, signal processing, and related areas will find this book highly valuable.