This book deals with the application of ANNs in real-world problems requiring data analysis and signal processing. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged in society thanks to the large number of applications that have been used in an awe-inspiring way. These networks offer effective solutions to practical, real-world problems. The wide variety of application fields of the studies in the book is remarkable; these are related to sensorization, agriculture, healthcare, air pollution, video games, and cybersecurity, among others. To organize this variety, the chapters have been grouped into three sections related to: (1) Forecasting and Prediction, (2) Knowledge Discovery and Knowledge Management, and (3) Signal Processing. This book aims to reach readers interested in ANNs and their applications in different fields, so it is interesting not only for computer science but also for other related disciplines.