Increasingly routine use of prostate surface antigen (PSA)-based screening has led to the diagnosis of more patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. These localised cancers are routinely treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy or prostate brachytherapy. Prostate brachytherapy is an appealing treatment for reasons including patient convenience, a favourable toxicity profile and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, the utilisation of brachytherapy is increasing, both in the United States and around the world. This book examines the increasing use of prostate brachytherapy as a treatment method, as well as the numerous reasons why this particular type of treatment is providing positive results.