Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) is a challenging subset of neoplastic diseases of the blood and bone marrow. However, dynamic progress in array technologies and next-generation sequencing has provided new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MDS/MPN. This practical atlas focuses on the differential diagnosis of these neoplasms, covering diagnosis and management, the diagnostic problems of MDS/MPN and differentiation from MPN or MDS, as well as diagnostic problems of initial MPN stages. Chapters feature up to date clinical guidelines and contemporary synthesis of the current state of the art in MDS/MPN diagnosis.