Understanding microbes is vital to comprehending the past and the future of mankind and our planet. These are the oldest forms of life on Earth. Microbes provide us with oxygen to breathe and food to eat. Without microbes, life would be impossible on Earth. Microbes cause, as well as prevent, diseases and therefore are highly relevant to medicine and other related health sciences. The research and biotechnological applications of microbes are a fascinating field of science and increasingly seen as a mainstream tenet of biology. This book focuses on diverse areas of microbial research and provides a wealth of information on the microbial world: biochemistry of the molecules, their functions, syntheses, and regulation activity, microbial genetics, immunology, biotechnology, control of microbial growth, interactions between humans, insects and microorganisms and public health, microbial ecology, terrestrial microbiology, microbiology of waste treatment, etc.