The book brings together the detailed knowledge of structure and morphology of the main classes of polymers, including commodities as well as special polymers, with explanation of the mechanical properties, processes, and mechanisms on macroscopic, microscopic, and nanoscopic scales. Description, explanation, and theoretical interpretation of all of the micro- and nanoscopic processes and mechanisms in different polymers constitute the central part the book. Thus, it offers a key for a better understanding of structure-property correlations of nearly all polymers of interest in industrial applications. A central aim of the book is to show how, by changing the morphology, microprocesses and, finally, the mechanical properties can be improved. There is no other book available on the market which is focused on micromechanical processes of polymers and their role to improve the properties of polymeric materials.