This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop of Computational Neuroscience, held in Porto Allegre, Brazil, in November 2017.The 12 full papers and 3 short papers presented have been thoroughly reviewed andselected from 40 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: neural networks; artificial intelligence; computer vision; machine learning; graphic systems and interfaces; decision trees; nonlinear equations; nano-electromechanical systems.