This book offers a critical assessment of some of the most contentious topics in the Marxian political economy in the light of the recent publications of the complete manuscripts and editions of Capital in MEGA. Covering issues like including the incompleteness of Marx's critique of political economy, long-term trajectories of capitalism, problem of economic crisis, and center-periphery dynamics within global capitalism, this book offers an original and current intervention into the current debates of the Marxist tradition precisely at a crucial moment for the research of Marxist criticism of the capitalist economy, and recovers the true critical, dialectical and open character of Marx's social theory.