This book deals with two fundamental issues of ion channels the

gating kinetics problem and the

nano-scale ion permeation problem. The gating kinetics problem seeks to explain how to construct probabilistic models for the on-off switching of ion channels. The second part of the book deals with the permeation problem, which seeks to explain how individual ions propagate through the membrane nano-tube at an Angstrom unit spatial resolution and femto-second time scale.