This book integrates the experimental procedures and theoretical principles for undergraduate, postgraduate, academicians and researchers in the area of agriculture and life sciences. The experiments have been updated and extended to reflect developments in the respective fields. In-text worked examples are again used to enhance student’s understanding of each topic. The book is designed to provide students with the experience of how scientists use their knowledge to understand real-world science related issues that confront them in their professional lives. Experimental procedures and troubleshooting of data are emphasised throughout the book. The book integrates theory and practices to ensure students understand why and how each technique is used.