Currently, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) are the main techniques for studying the luminescence properties of several materials, mainly insulators called phosphors. Frequently, however, students and experts alike need to clarify some concepts related to the effects and defects present in the radiation interaction with solids generated by these phenomena. In this book, a series of questions and corresponding answers give a clearer explanation about the concepts, theory and models related to TL and OSL, including applications in important related areas.Students, researchers and teachers will find this book a good guide for understanding TL and OSL as methods for studying the nature of luminescent solids. It provides a quick way for clearing doubts in the concepts and terminology concerning OSL and TL, as it is intended to answer many questions which can be encountered in practical applications.