Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences National Academies Press (2006) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; Jeffrey T. Macher; David C. Mowery National Academies Press (2008) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; Charles W. Wessner; Alan W. M. Wolff National Academies Press (2012) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; Michael Pignone; Louise Russell; Judith Wagner National Academies Press (2005) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; David Taylor; Stephen Merrill; Robert Poole; Ne National Academies Press (2010) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; Keith E. Maskus; Stephen A. Merrill National Academies Press (2013) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; William D. Nordhaus; Stephen A. Merrill; Beaton National Academies Press (2013) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences; Charles W. Wessner National Academies Press (2001) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences; Charles W. Wessner National Academies Press (2003) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Stephen A. Merrill; Mark B. Myers; Richar Levin National Academies Press (2004) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Charles W. Wessner; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences National Academies Press (2005) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Policy And Global Affairs; Board on Science Technology and Economic Policy; Committee on Measuring an National Academies Press (2005) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; National Academy of Sciences; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Dale W. Jorgenson National Academies Press (2007) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Division on Engineering National Academies Press (2010) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Policy And Global Affairs; Board on Science Technology and Economic Policy; Committee on Competing in National Academies Press (2012) Kovakantinen kirja
Council on Competitiveness; Industrial Research Institute; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Government-Univers National Academies Press (1997) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
The patenting and licensing of human genetic material and proteins represents an extension of intellectual property (IP) rights to naturally occurring biological material and scientific information, much of it well upstream of drugs and other disease therapies. This report concludes that IP restrictions rarely impose significant burdens on biomedical research, but there are reasons to be apprehensive about their future impact on scientific advances in this area. The report recommends 13 actions that policy-makers, courts, universities, and health and patent officials should take to prevent the increasingly complex web of IP protections from getting in the way of potential breakthroughs in genomic and proteomic research. It endorses the National Institutes of Health guidelines for technology licensing, data sharing, and research material exchanges and says that oversight of compliance should be strengthened. It recommends enactment of a statutory exception from infringement liability for research on a patented invention and raising the bar somewhat to qualify for a patent on upstream research discoveries in biotechnology. With respect to genetic diagnostic tests to detect patient mutations associated with certain diseases, the report urges patent holders to allow others to perform the tests for purposes of verifying the results.