Institutional data is one of the important aspects that informs the development and sustainability of academic programming within the academy. Centrality of institutional data is key when making decisions related to a range of academic programs. This volume addresses with both depth and breadth: * various types of academic programing (i.e. academic degrees, research centers/institutes), * diverse institutional types including community colleges, doctoral/research universities, minority-serving and for-profit institutions, and * concrete examples and steps regarding how to utilize institutional data to improve academic planning and development. This is the 168th volume of this Jossey-Bass quarterly report series. Timely and comprehensive, New Directions for Institutional Research provides planners and administrators in all types of academic institutions with guidelines in such areas as resource coordination, information analysis, program evaluation, and institutional management.