In Australia attention is being paid to the sustainability and health of eucalypt forests and woodlands. There has been increasing recognition that eucalypts are vulnerable to a wide range of diseases, and destructive disease epidemics, particularly of dieback caused by the cinnamon fungus and of foliar diseases of plantations. This has stimulated intensive research into the causes and management of diseases of the eucalypts. This is a comprehensive review of health and diseases of eucalypts.