The aim of this volume is to underline common aspects of dynamical properties of surfaces and adsorbates which can sustain energy transfer and to assess the role and importance of specific energy and charge transfer mechanisms in constituting the properties of surface and adsorbate electronic, vibronic, photoabsorption and similar spectra, the dynamics of adsorption/desorption and trapping processes, surface scattering phenomena involving electrons, ions or neutral particles etc. In this regard, special attention has been paid to model descriptions and discussions of inelastic interactions, screening and charge transfer processes encountered in XPS, AES, EELS, NEXAFS and electron, atomic/molecular and ion beam scattering experiments.