This book presents the results of research carried out in Sicily over the last ten years by a group of scholars belonging to different Italian Universities. Funded by the Italian Ministry of Research, this research aimed to answer seemingly simple questions: how many tourists are at a destination in a specified time interval? How do they move within the destination?The first question addresses the quantification of tourist flows at the local scale, which is not reliably provided by official statistics. Official supply statistics account for the customers of accommodation facilities rather than for tourists, and suffer from errors due to missing information on underground non-observed tourism and on arrival replications generated by tourists who spend nights at more than one accommodation facility. Official demand statistics are produced through sample research including very few units per town. Thus, their output cannot be referred to the local scale territorial units (provinces or towns) without incurring excessive sampling error. The most relevant effects of tourism are commonly observed at the local scale. Tour-ist services and policies are currently provided at the local scale; however they are not supported by adequate information on tourism supply and demand, due to the limitations of official statistics and the lack of purpose-tailored research. Ad hoc research is then required so as to get adequate information on tourism at the local scale and this is what has been done in Sicily starting from 2004. The Aeolian Islands archipelago, the seaside resort town of Cefalù, Sicilian exit slots (ports, air-ports, the Strait of Messina) are the locations where the research team gathered data from administrative sources, purpose-tailored sample surveys and censuses.The output of this research shed light on real tourism supply and demand at the sub-regional (i.e. local) scale within the Sicilian tourist market, which features strong un-derground unobserved tourism and anthropic charge on a lot of tourist destinations.This is not a comprehensive textbook nor a treatise on local tourism. It is rather a case-studies contributed book in nature, which highlights the relevance of local scale tourism analysis. This book represents also an example of a course suggesting research methods and techniques which researchers can refer to when studying local tourism.