The results of long-term studies on ecological state of industrial water bodies operated by nuclear fuel cycle facility - the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA) - in the Southern Urals are summarized in this manuscript. Hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the aquatic ecosystems as well as integrated effect of radiation, chemical and thermal factors have been studied. It was ascertained that the long-term integrated exposure to different technogenic factors did not entail irreversible changes at the level of ecosystem. Fisheries technology for the Mayak PA industrial water reservoirs has been developed. The manuscript is recommended to scientific society, postgraduate students, students and practitioners whose interest area concerns radioecology, radiobiology and ecotoxicology of the aquatic systems. This book was created using print-on-demand technology.