There is an ongoing debate over the future of the Amazon in Brazil. Part of this debate involves the question of whether or not it is possible to ensure development in the region while conserving its immense natural heritage. This report adds to the discussion of land use in the Brazilian Amazon. It analyses the harmful effects of increasing levels of rainfall on agricultural settlement and productivity. The aim of this report is to assist decision-makers, civil society, and the private sector in their attempts to ensure that natural resources will be maintained in such a way that best maximises their social and environmental value.