The flow behavior of fluids such as molten plastics, biological fluids, and paints is much more varied and complex than that of traditional Newtonian fluids. The role of numerical simulation in the study of such flows has increased tremendously over the past fifteen years, and the phenomena and numerical difficulties in complex flows have led to new and challenging mathematical questions. Studying such flows presents a host of problems, as well as opportunities for mathematical analysis, including questions of asymptotics, qualitative dynamics, and adequacy of numerical methods. Mathematical Analysis of Viscoelastic Flows presents an overview of mathematical problems, methods, and results relating to research on viscoelastic flows.