Here are the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2006, held in Guilin, China in August 2006 in conjunction with PRICAI 2006. The book presents 51 revised full papers and 57 revised short papers together with 4 invited talks, reporting a wealth of new ideas and current research results in the broad areas of knowledge science, knowledge engineering, and knowledge management.