This publication contains a number of papers by authors using recent research to discuss key principles for the conduct of fiscal policy in developing countries, particularly the poorest countries where there are often insufficient public revenues available to meet spending demands. The papers consider a range of issues organised under the headings of: macroeconomic policy in developing countries; public spending and meeting the Millennium Development Goals; revenues and growth; fiscal policy and aid. The publication also includes two papers on i) the fiscal consequences of armed conflict and terrorism in low and middle income countries, and ii) a comparison between two public expenditure management systems in Africa.