Cancer identifies effective, cost-effective, feasible, and affordable interventions to address the growing cancer burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most tobacco- and infection-related cancers can be prevented. Many cancers can be treated. Cancer reviews key issues in the expansion of cancer services in LMICs, combining economic and epidemiological analyses. Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen, in the foreword, observes, 'The work of discovering and testing approaches to treatment has produced tangible results, evident in cancer trends in high-income countries. The challenge of this Disease Control Priorities volume on cancer is to extend the benefit to the rest of the world.'