National Research Council; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Committee on the Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator a National Academies Press (2005) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Ocean Studies Board; Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Ho National Academies Press (2012) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Effects in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Board on the Health of Select National Academies Press (2012) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Space Studies Board; Committee on the Effects of Solar National Academies Press (2012) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs; Committee on National Statistics; Com National Academies Press (2001) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Committee to Review the Need for a Large-Scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures; Commiss National Academies Press (1999) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.
Table of Contents
Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Hard and Deeply Buried Targets 3 Earth-Penetrator Weapons 4 Effectiveness of Nuclear Weapons Against Hard and Deeply Buried Targets 5 Fallout and Tools for Calculating Effects of Release of Hazardous Materials 6 Human and Environmental Effects 7 Conventional Weapons 8 Uncertainty in Estimates of Effects 9 Conclusions Appendix A: Committee and Staff Appendix B: Agendas Appendix C: Equivalent Yield Factors for Energy Coupling Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations
