National Research Council; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Earth Sciences and Resources; Geographical Sciences Comm National Academies Press (2005) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Committee on the Earth System Science for Decisions About Human Welfare: Contributions of Remote Sensing; Geographical Sciences National Academies Press (2007) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Earth Sciences and Resources; Geographical Sciences Comm National Academies Press (2011) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
National Research Council; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Earth Sciences and Resources; Geographical Sciences Comm National Academies Press (2014) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Crane; Jennifer (Lecturer; School of Geographical Sciences; Lecturer; School of Geographical Sciences; University of Bristol) Oxford University Press (2025) Kovakantinen kirja
National Research Council; Division On Earth And Life Studies; Board On Earth Sciences And Resources; Geographical Science Commi National Academies Press (2010) Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of K–12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the K–12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.Table of Contents
Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction PART I: THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF SPATIAL THINKING --2 The Nature of Spatial Thinking 3 Spatial Thinking in Everyday Life, at Work, and in Science 4 Teaching and Learning About Spatial Thinking 5 Responding to the Need for Spatial Thinking 6 Tools for Thought: The Concept of a Support System PART II: SUPPORT FOR SPATIAL THINKING--7 High-Tech Support Systems for Spatial Thinking 8 An Assessment of GIS as a System for Supporting Spatial Thinking in the K-12 Context 9 GIS as a Support System for Spatial Thinking PART III: SUPPORTING SPATIAL THINKING IN THE FUTURE--10 Conclusions and Recommendations 11 The Spatial Thinker References Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff Appendix B Oral Presentations and Written Statements Appendix C Individual Differences in Spatial Thinking: The Effects of Age, Development, and Sex Appendix D The Role of Spatial Representations in Learning, Problem Solving, and Transfer Appendix E Software Descriptions and Resources Appendix F What Is GIScience? Appendix G The Introduction of GIS into K–12 Education Appendix H Seasonal Differences: A Customized Eighth-Grade GIS Module Appendix I List of Acronyms Index
