The efficiency of carotid surgery on an asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and its superiority to conservative treatment was clearly demonstrated in the ACAS study. The stroke risk over a five year follow-up period could be reduced by 55 % and the combined stroke and mortality rate was shown to be a mere 2. 3 %. The efficacy of surgical treatment in also reducing stroke rates in the case of a symptomatic carotid stenosis was proven in the NASCET and ECTS prospective randomized studies. Of extreme importance in these procedures is, however, precise quality control and quality assessment. This is presently a topic of tremendous interest in reconstructive vascular surgery and is constantly being discussed in specialist circles and beyond. Documentation and the possibility of accurate reconstruction of the intraoperative situation are in high demand. Perioperative monitoring of neurological function, particularly the monitoring during carotid surgery, are the aspects underlying constant revision and reassessment to ensure quality control and assurance of a negligeable mortality and morbidity rate. The aim of this book is to discuss the presently available perioperative control methods, examinations, and quality assessments, and the critical consideration of these. We would like to express our thanks to all authors who helped achieve the sense and aim of this book. A special word of thanks to Dr. Kerstin Simons (assistant surgeon) for assisting in the editing of the numerous presentations in this book. Particularly we thank Dr.